Hyaluronic acid (HA) has become an increasingly popular ingredient in the world of skincare1. This naturally-occurring substance is found throughout the body, with about half of the body's total HA residing in the skin2. It plays a crucial role in maintaining skin hydration, joint lubrication, and overall health. To provide a comprehensive overview of HA's application in skincare, this article draws on information gathered from various research papers and articles, exploring its properties, benefits, potential side effects, and methods of application.
What is Hyaluronic Acid?
Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan, a type of long, chain-like molecule composed of repeating units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine3. It is naturally present in various tissues and fluids of the human body, including skin, cartilage, bone, synovial fluid, and the vitreous humor of the eye2. HA is also found in some foods, such as bone broth, soy-based foods, and root vegetables1.
One of the most remarkable properties of HA is its impressive ability to attract and retain water, holding up to 1,000 times its weight in moisture5. This is due to the presence of many spots on its long chain-like structure where water and other compounds can attach6. This exceptional water-retaining capacity makes HA a key ingredient in many skincare products aimed at hydration and anti-aging6. It is often produced by fermenting certain types of bacteria3.
Properties of Hyaluronic Acid
HA is a versatile molecule with a range of beneficial properties that contribute to its efficacy in skincare:
- Viscoelasticity: HA contributes to the skin's elasticity and ability to stretch and flex, which is essential for maintaining a youthful appearance and preventing wrinkles6.
- Hygroscopic: It readily absorbs moisture from the environment, keeping the skin hydrated and supple. This is particularly beneficial for those with dry or dehydrated skin2.
- Lubricating: HA helps to lubricate joints and tissues, contributing to their smooth movement. In skincare, this translates to a smoother, more supple skin texture6.
- Anti-inflammatory: It can help reduce inflammation and promote wound healing, making it beneficial for those with skin conditions like eczema or acne4.
- Antioxidant: HA can help protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can contribute to premature aging4.
- Regulating Vascular Permeability: HA plays a role in controlling the movement of fluids and molecules between blood vessels and tissues, which is important for maintaining skin health and hydration7.
- Adjusting Proteins: HA interacts with various proteins in the skin, influencing their structure and function. This can contribute to improved skin elasticity, hydration, and overall health7.
- Promoting Wound Healing: HA is involved in various stages of wound healing, including cell migration, collagen deposition, and blood vessel growth7.
Benefits of Hyaluronic Acid for Skin
The benefits of hyaluronic acid for skin are numerous and well-documented:
- Hydration: HA is a powerful humectant, drawing moisture to the skin's surface and keeping it hydrated5. This can help improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a smoother, plumper complexion1. It can help reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL), which is the process of water evaporating from the skin's surface, leading to dryness and dehydration9.
- Wound Healing: HA plays a crucial role in wound healing by regulating tissue regeneration and reducing inflammation5.
- Anti-Aging: As we age, our skin's natural HA levels decline, leading to dryness and wrinkles8. Topical application of HA can help replenish these levels, promoting a more youthful appearance8.
- Skin Texture: HA can help improve skin texture by promoting smoothness and reducing roughness5.
- Skin Elasticity: By keeping the skin hydrated, HA helps maintain its elasticity and suppleness5.
- Gum Disease: Studies suggest that topical HA may be beneficial in the postoperative care of people undergoing dental procedures and may have positive impacts on those with gum disease and mouth ulcers10.
Other Applications of Hyaluronic Acid
Beyond its traditional use in skincare, HA has shown promise in other areas:
- Nanotechnology: HA is being explored for its use in nanotechnology, where it is converted into nanoparticles for various biomedical applications4. These nanoparticles can be used for targeted drug delivery, improving the treatment of various diseases4.
- Medical Diagnostics: HA nanoparticles are also being investigated as contrast agents in medical imaging techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance4. This could lead to more accurate localization of affected areas in conditions like cancer4.
Skin Care Products Containing Hyaluronic Acid
HA is found in a wide variety of skincare products, including serums, moisturizers, eye creams, cleansers, and masks. Here are some examples of popular skincare products containing HA:
| Brand | Product Name | Key Benefits |
|---|---|---|
| Skinbetter Science | InterFuse Intensive Treatment LINES | Reduces the appearance of expression lines and wrinkles, improves skin elasticity. |
| Vichy | Minéral 89 Hyaluronic Acid Face Serum | Hydrates and plumps the skin, strengthens the skin barrier. |
| Clarins | Double Serum | Comprehensive anti-aging benefits, improves firmness and radiance. |
| Revision Skincare | Hydrating Serum | Provides short- and long-term moisturization, reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. |
User Reviews and Clinical Studies
Skinbetter Science InterFuse Intensive Treatment LINES
- User reviews suggest that this serum is effective in reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, particularly on the neck11. Some users have even reported it as an alternative to fillers or Botox11.
- A clinical study showed that a skincare regimen with an HA-based serum and a peptide-rich cream led to significant improvements in skin texture, tone, and wrinkles on the face and neck over 12 weeks12.
Vichy Minéral 89 Hyaluronic Acid Face Serum
- User reviews are generally positive, with many praising its hydrating and plumping effects13. Some users with dry skin have found it to be a "holy grail" product14.
- Clinical studies have shown that this serum strengthens the skin barrier, improves hydration, and protects against environmental aggressors14.
Clarins Double Serum
- Users report that this serum improves skin texture, firmness, and radiance15. Some users have noticed a reduction in the appearance of pores and fine lines16.
- Clinical studies highlight its effectiveness in reducing wrinkles, boosting collagen production, and enhancing skin hydration17.
Revision Skincare Hydrating Serum
- Users appreciate its lightweight texture and ability to provide long-lasting hydration18. Many users with dry or sensitive skin find it to be a great addition to their routine19.
- A clinical study demonstrated that this serum significantly increased skin hydration and improved skin smoothness, plumping, and overall appearance20.
Choosing the Right Hyaluronic Acid Product
When choosing a hyaluronic acid product, it's important to consider the molecular weight of the HA5. Molecular weight refers to the size of the HA molecule, and it can affect how well the HA penetrates the skin and its overall effectiveness5.
- High Molecular Weight HA: These larger molecules primarily hydrate the skin's surface and can create a temporary plumping effect.
- Low Molecular Weight HA: These smaller molecules can penetrate deeper into the skin, providing more long-lasting hydration and potentially stimulating collagen production.
Ideally, look for products that contain a combination of different molecular weights to maximize the benefits5.
Potential Side Effects of Hyaluronic Acid
HA is generally safe and well-tolerated by most people. However, some potential side effects include:
- Topical Application: Mild skin irritation, redness, or dryness may occur, especially in those with sensitive skin21.
- Oral Supplements: Digestive discomforts such as bloating, diarrhea, or nausea may occur, particularly at higher doses21.
- Injections: Bruising, swelling, infection, or allergic reactions are possible risks associated with HA injections21.
It's important to note that these side effects are rare, and most people experience no adverse reactions when using HA products22.
Methods of Applying Hyaluronic Acid to the Skin
HA can be applied to the skin in various ways:
- Topical Application: Serums, moisturizers, and other skincare products containing HA can be applied directly to the skin23. When applying HA topically, it's best to do so on damp skin to maximize its hydrating effects24. Follow with a moisturizer to seal in the moisture23.
- Oral Supplements: HA supplements are available in pill or capsule form1.
- Injections: Dermatologists can inject HA fillers to smooth wrinkles and enhance skin hydration25.
HA can be layered with other skincare ingredients, such as Vitamin C, retinol, and niacinamide26. Combining HA with retinol, for example, can improve skin health and reduce irritation sometimes associated with retinol use27.
Hyaluronic acid is a versatile and powerful ingredient that offers a multitude of benefits for the skin. Its exceptional hydrating properties make it an excellent choice for those looking to combat dryness, fine lines, and wrinkles. While collagen and elastin are the primary structural components of the skin, HA plays a crucial supporting role by maintaining hydration and promoting skin elasticity5. Whether incorporated through topical products, oral supplements, or injections, HA can contribute to a healthier, more youthful complexion.
When choosing an HA product, consider the molecular weight and look for formulations that combine different sizes for optimal results. Remember to apply HA to damp skin and follow with a moisturizer to lock in hydration. With its proven efficacy and minimal risk of side effects, hyaluronic acid is a valuable addition to any skincare routine.
Learn More
1. Health Benefits of Hyaluronic Acid - WebMD, accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.webmd.com/beauty/benefits-hyaluronic-acid
2. Hyaluronic Acid: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Trajectory - PMC, accessed January 30, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6603175/
3. Hyaluronic Acid - PubChem, accessed January 30, 2025, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Hyaluronic-Acid
4. Structural and Electronic Properties of Hyaluronic Acid - Juniper Publishers, accessed January 30, 2025, https://juniperpublishers.com/ctbeb/pdf/CTBEB.MS.ID.556100.pdf
5. Hyaluronic Acid: Skin Benefits, Products to Use, and More - Healthline, accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/hyaluronic-acid
6. Hyaluronic Acid: What It Is, Benefits, How To Use & Side Effects - Cleveland Clinic, accessed January 30, 2025, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22915-hyaluronic-acid
7. Hyaluronic acid | 9004-61-9 - ChemicalBook, accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB1176690.htm
8. Hyaluronic Acid: What It Is and How to Use It - ISDIN, accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.isdin.com/us/blog/isdinnovation/what-is-hyaluronic-acid-and-what-are-its-benefits/
9. Hyaluronic Acid Benefits for Skin - CeraVe, accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.cerave.com/ingredients-in-cerave/hyaluronic-acid
10. 11 benefits of hyaluronic acid for the face and body - MedicalNewsToday, accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hyaluronic-acid-benefits
11. SkinBetter InterFuse Intensive Treatment LINES - LAZ Skincare Shop, accessed January 30, 2025, https://shop.lazskincare.com/products/interfuse-intensive-treatment-lines
12. Efficacy and tolerability of a hyaluronic acid‐based serum and a ..., accessed January 30, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10286638/
13. Vichy Mineral 89 Hyaluronic Acid Face Moisturizer Reviews ..., accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.lovelyskin.com/o/reviews/vichy-mineral-89
14. Minéral 89 Hyaluronic Acid Serum | Vichy Laboratoires, accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.vichyusa.com/skin-care/mineral-89-hyaluronic-acid-serum-mineral89.html
15. My Latest Skincare Find: Clarins New Double Serum, accessed January 30, 2025, https://nextwithnita.com/my-latest-skincare-find-clarins-new-double-serum/
16. Clarins Double Serum Review - FaceSerum.com, accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.faceserum.com/clarins-double-serum-review/
17. Double Serum, the power to change your skin's future - Clarins Group, accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.groupeclarins.com/news-and-publications/double-serum-the-power-to-change-your-skins-future/
18. Revision Skincare® Hydrating Serum 1 fl. oz. - Dermstore, accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.dermstore.com/p/revision-skincare-hydrating-serum-1-fl.-oz./12902721/
19. Revision Skincare Hydrating Serum - 1 oz Reviews - LovelySkin, accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.lovelyskin.com/o/reviews/revision-skincare-hydrating-serum?page=10
20. Efficacy Evaluation of a Topical Hyaluronic Acid Serum in Facial Photoaging - PMC, accessed January 30, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8322246/
21. Hyaluronic Acid: Overview, Benefits, How To Use & Side Effects - SPARSH Hospital, accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.sparshhospital.com/blog/hyaluronic-acid-overview-benefits-usage-side-effects/
22. Hyaluronic acid: What is it, what it treats, and side effects to be aware of | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE, accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.nebraskamed.com/health/head-and-neck/dermatology/hyaluronic-acid-what-is-it-what-it-treats-and-side-effects-to-be
23. www.buzzrx.com, accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.buzzrx.com/blog/how-to-use-hyaluronic-acid-for-skin#:~:text=Written%20by%20HaVy%20Ngo%2DHamilton,D.&text=The%20best%20way%20to%20use,thickest%20consistency%20to%20promote%20absorption.
24. 3 Hyaluronic Acid Mistakes To Avoid For Happy, Hydrated Skin - Go-To Skincare, accessed January 30, 2025, https://gotoskincare.com/blogs/the-go-to-guide/hyaluronic-acid-mistakes
25. How to Use Hyaluronic Acid: Tips, Product to Try, and More - Healthline, accessed January 30, 2025, https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/how-to-use-hyaluronic-acid
26. How to use a hyaluronic acid serum for your most hydrated skin yet - Trinny London, accessed January 30, 2025, https://trinnylondon.com/uk/blog/how-to-use-a-hyaluronic-acid-serum
27. What Does Hyaluronic Acid Do? | The Ordinary, accessed January 30, 2025, https://theordinary.com/en-us/blog/hyaluronic-acid-guide.html